Warfarin

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Kegunaan Ubat:

Ubat ini digunakan untuk menghalang pembentukan darah beku dan menghalang darah beku sedia ada daripada menjadi semakin besar.

Cara Pengambilan Ubat:

Ambil ubat ini pada masa yang sama setiap hari selepas makan (Biasanya pukul 6 petang). Teruskan mengambil ubat ini sehingga doctor anda memberitahu anda untuk berhenti. Jangan berhenti mengambil ubat ini hanya kerana anda berasa lebih baik.

Langkah Berjaga-jaga:

Anda mungkin berdarah dengan lebih mudah, berhati-hati dan mengelakkan kecederaan. Jangan derma darah semasa mengguna ubat ini. Maklumkan doktor atau ahli farmasi anda jika anda mempunyai: penyakit buah pinggang, penyakit hati, penyakit thyroid, jantung yang lemah, merancang untuk hamil. Maklumkan kepada doktor gigi anda bahawa anda sedang mengguna warfarin.

Jika terlupa ambil ubat:

  • Ambil dos yang tertinggal sebaik sahaja anda teringat, jika ianya dalam tempoh hari yang sama.
  • Teruskan mengambil warfarin anda pada waktu yang sama pada keesokan hari.
  • Jangan gandakan dos. Menggandakan dos mungkin menyebabkan peningkatan pendarahan.
  • Catatkan tarikh dos yang tertinggal dan beritahu doktor anda semasa janji temu anda yang seterusnya.

Penyimpanan

  • Jauhi dari kelembapan (simpan di tempat yang kering) dan kepanasan (elakkan daripada sinaran terus matahari)
  • Simpan ubat di tempat yang selamat dan jauh daripada kanak-kanak

Peringatan

  • Kehamilan: Warfarin boleh menyebabkan kecacatan semasa lahir. Maklumkan doktor atau ahli farmasi anda jika anda hamil atau berhasrat untuk hamil.
  • Pembedahan: Jika anda akan melalui pembedahan (termasuk pembedahan gigi) maklumkan doktor atau doktor gigi berkenaan bahawa anda mengambil warfarin. Doktor mungkin meminta anda berhenti mengambil warfarin selama beberapa hari sebelum prosedur tersebut untuk mengelakkan pendarahan berlebihan.
  • Alkohol: Elakkan pengambilan alkohol berlebihan. Dinasihatkan supaya tidak mengambil lebih daripada 5 tin bir atau lebih daripada 1 botol wain seminggu.
  • Aktiviti Harian: Berhati-hati apabila menggunakan pisau cukur dan objek tajam lain. Elakkan sukan lasak (contohnya, bola sepak, rugbi, seni mempertahankan diri) atau aktiviti yang boleh mencederakan anda .Elakkan penggunaan berus gigi, floss yang keras.
  • Kecederaan: Sekiranya anda mengalami kecederaan ringan, basuh dan berikan tekanan atas kawasan tersebut sehingga pendarahan berhenti (ini mungkin mengambil masa sehingga 10 minit). Dapatkan perhatian perubatan dengan segera jika pendarahan banyak berlaku pada tempat cedera atau jika anda mengalami kecederaan di kepala. Teruskan memberi tekanan pada tempat luka sambil menunggu bantuan.

Semasa anda mengambil warfarin, anda perlu kembali untuk pemeriksaan darah secara berkala. Pada setiap temu janji dengan doktor anda, pemeriksaan darah akan diarahkan untuk memeriksa Nisbah Ternormal Antarabangsa (INR), yang mencerminkan keberkesanan rawatan antikoagulasi. Jadi, penting bagi anda menghadiri setiap temu janji untuk memastikan bahawa warfarin diberikan dengan wajar. Sentiasa buat janji temu lain jika anda gagal menghadiri salah satu. Anda hendaklah pertimbangkan membawa kad pengenalan (Buku Panduan untuk Pesakit Warfarin) untuk menunjukkan yang anda mengambil warfarin. Ini penting terutamanya semasa kecemasan atau apabila anda tidak sedar. Berunding dengan ahli farmasi atau doktor anda mengenai cara mendapatkan kad ini.

Interaksi warfarin dengan ubat ubatan lain

Banyak pengubatan mengganggu keberkesanan warfarin. Penting bagi anda memberitahu doktor atau ahli farmasi anda jika anda mengambil pengubatan lain termasuk pengubatan tanpa preskripsi, tradisional dan herba. Ini termasuk:

  • Antasid
  • Batuk atau ubat selesema
  • Ubat ulser gaster
  • Julap
  • Ubat tahan sakit (contohnya, aspirin dan NSAIDS lain)
  • Vitamin tambahan (Vitamin K)

Interaksi warfarin dengan makanan:

Bincang diet anda dengan doktor. Jangan lakukan sebarang perubahan besar terhadap pengambilan makanan yang mengandungi vitamin K, seperti hati, sayuran berdaun hijau dan brokoli, kerana ia mungkin mengubah kesan warfarin.

Interaksi warfarin dengan herbal:

Dinasihatkan supaya tidak mengambil apa-apa Jamu, ubat Cina (Gingko Biloba, Ginseng, Dong Quai) atau Ayurvedik , kerana kesannya terhadap warfarin tidak boleh diramal.

Kesan Terapeutik

  • Mencegah dan merawat darah beku di dalam saluran darah.

Kesan Sampingan

Kesan sampingan warfarin yang paling biasa ialah pendarahan. Sila dapatkan perhatian pengamal perubatan sekiranya anda mengalami simptom berikut:

  • Pendarahan daripada telinga, hidung, gusi (jangan lupa menggunakan berus gigi lembut)
  • Muntah darah (yang mungkin kelihatan seperti serbuk kopi atau darah segar)
  • Sakit perut tanpa sebab
  • Bintik merah pada kulit
  • Kesakitan atau pembengkakan luar biasa (con. Pada sendi)
  • Darah dalam air kencing
  • Darah haid yang banyak
  • Pendarahan rektum
  • Najis hitam, melekit

Lebam-lebam: Anda mungkin mudah menjadi lebam sekiranya jatuh atau terlanggar sesuatu. JANGAN gosok atau urut kawasan tersebut. Sila dapatkan perhatian perubatan jika lebam bertambah besar atau saiznya tidak berkurangan, atau jika anda mendapat lebam-lebam tanpa sebab nyata.

References:

Kaunselling Ubat Hospital USM

Naproxen (Naprosyn)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease pain, swelling and fever. This medicine also used to treat arthritis and gout attacks. Other usage include: ease painful period (menstrual) cycle

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with food to prevent an upset stomach.

Precautions / Warning:

You may bleed more easily, be careful and avoid injury. Talk with your doctor if you have risk for heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, ulcer / bleeding from your stomach or bowel, pregnant, plan to getting pregnant or breast feeding.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

References:

  • Lexi comp adult patient education module
  • Product Leaflet

Mefenamic acid (Ponstan)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease pain, swelling and fever.

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with food to prevent an upset stomach.

Precautions / Warning:

You may bleed more easily, be careful and avoid injury. Talk with your doctor if you have risk for heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, ulcer / bleeding from your stomach or bowel, pregnant, plan to getting pregnant or breast feeding.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

References:

  • Lexi comp adult patient education module
  • Product Leaflet

Diclofenac (Voltaren)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease pain and swelling. This medicine also used to treat arthritis and gout attacks.

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with food to prevent an upset stomach. Take with a full glass of water. Many times this medicine is taken on an as needed basis.

Precautions / Warning:

You may bleed more easily, be careful and avoid injury. Talk with your doctor if you have risk for heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, ulcer / bleeding from your stomach or bowel, pregnant, plan to getting pregnant or breast feeding.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Tramadol (Tramal)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease pain

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with or without food, take with food if it causes an upset stomach. Drink a lot of water unless told to drink less liquid by your doctor. Many times this medicine is taken on an as needed basis.

Precautions / Warning:

This medicine may let you feel lightheaded, sleepy, blurred eyesight, or dizzy. Avoid driving or doing other tasks that call for you to be alert or have clear eyesight. This drug may be habit-forming with long-term use.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease pain and swelling. This medicine also used to treat arthritis.

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with food to prevent an upset stomach. You may sprinkle contents of capsule on applesauce. Do not chew the capsule. Many times this medicine is taken on an as needed basis.

Precautions / Warning:

Do not take antacids with this medicine. Talk with your doctor if you have risk for heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, ulcer / bleeding from your stomach or bowel, pregnant, plan to getting pregnant or breast feeding.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

References:

  • Product Leaflet

Ranitidine (Zantac)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This medicine also used to treat heartburn, sour stomach and other syndromes caused by lots of stomach acid. Other usage include: stop or treat GI ulcers caused by infection

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with or without food, take with food if it causes an upset stomach.

Precautions / Warning:

Talk with your doctor before using products that have aspirin, blood thinners, garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, ibuprofen or like products, pain drugs or vitamin E

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

References:

  • Lexi comp adult patient education module
  • Product Leaflet

Loratadine (Claritin)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease allergy signs and treat hives

How to use it / Best taken:

This medicine is most useful if started 1 – 3 hour before contact with the allergen. Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach

Precautions / Warning:

This medicine will make you feeling lightheaded, sleepy, having blurred eyesight or a change in thinking clearly. Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert or have clear eyesight

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Chlorpheniramine (Piriton)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to ease allergy signs

How to use it / Best taken:

This medicine is most useful if started 1 – 3 hour before contact with the allergen. Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach

Precautions / Warning:

This medicine will make you feeling lightheaded, sleepy, having blurred eyesight or a change in thinking clearly. Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert or have clear eyesight

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Metoclopramide (Maxolon)

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Usage:

This medicine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. This medicine also used to treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine 30 minutes before meals.

Precautions / Warning:

This medicine may cause lasting muscle movements that you cannot control, talk to your doctor if it happened. Use with precaution if you have mental illness, Parkinson’s disease, kidney disease or heart disease.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Aspirin Soluble

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Usage:

This medicine is used to prevent heart attacks, strokes in low dose. This medicine also used to ease pain, swelling and fever. Other usage of this medicine include: to treat arthritis, gout attack, rheumatic fever.

How to use it / Best taken:

Take this medicine with food. You may dissolve this medicine into water.

Precautions / Warning:

Do not give children and teenagers aspirin for flu signs or chickenpox. You may bleed more easily, be careful and avoid injury. Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, breast feeding or had an ulcer or bleeding from your stomach or bowel.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

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Usage:

This medicine is used in emergency for chest pain (heart attack)

How to use it / Best taken:

Put 1 tablet under the tongue during chest pain for every 5 minute until the chest pain resolve or when there are side effects associated with the drug.

Precautions / Warning:

Most chest pain will resolve in 1-5 minutes, if you still experienced chest pain after 3 tablets (15minutes), get emergency medical help immediately. Don’t swallow this medicine

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.

Ferrous Fumarate

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Usage:

This medicine is used to treat or prevent condition of low red blood cell (anemia); mostly taken during pregnancy

How to use it / Best taken:

You may take this medicine with or without food. Take with food if it causes upset stomach. Do not take calcium, zinc, copper or multivitamins that have any of these minerals within 2 hours of ferrous fumarate intake.

Precautions / Warning:

Talk to your doctor/ pharmacist if you had allergy to iron or its preparation, planning on getting pregnant, breast-feeding.

Disclaimer:

The information in this webpage is general information only. This page is not medical advice specific to you or any other person. This page does not contain all information about this drug and does not cover all uses, directions, precautions, warning, drug interactions or side effects. Read the package insert for more information.